I hope Jared isn't discouraged by all that mathematical stuff above.

Music is an art form. To turn it into a scientific endeavour is a total 180 degree turnabout - art and science equate to oil and water, if you get my drift. Math hardly comes from the heart.

Jared, just find yourself a good teacher and stick with him/her. Unless you have an exceptional ear, it really is the only way to go. Practically every good musician you've ever heard has put in countless hours of practice. That's the simple truth, and I wish you every success in your musical journey.