From Roland's "glossary of terms"
(
http://www.rolandus.com/support/glossary_of_terms.aspx#A )
Pattern - A short musical passage recorded as MIDI data.
Style - A musical passage that can contain all of the elements of a musical arrangement and can be played as a single object.
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As I understand it, a pattern is series of midi events (making up a short musical passage) recorded on a single track. A style is a set of patterns (containing all the elements of a musical arrangement - i.e. different instruments playing together as accompaniment) recorded on multiple tracks.
Anyone more knowledgeable than I can feel free to correct me, or expound on my attempt at an explanation.
Charles