Dennis,
There must be something different in the wiring of adapter cables. I just checked mine again to be sure my mind has not gone to hell, and pins 1 & 2 are connected together and go the sheild, while pin 3 is wired directly to the tip of the 1/4-inch plug. I have tried adapter cables wired as you have described, and they did not work with my mics and keyboards. Unfortunately, nothing is etched in stone, especially when it comes to establishing keyboard wiring standards.
And, yes some keyboards have a line level input
only, but in this part of the world they are in the minority. Yamaha, in particular, has a selector switch on their PSR series that allows either line level or mic inputs with a single, 1/4-inch, mono input, plus it also has an stereo, auxiliary input for line level only.
Cheers,
Gary
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Travlin' Easy