Yes, 24 is the correct value for the LFO to oscillate in sync with sixteenth notes (48 for eighth, 96 for quarter note, etc.).

Are you experiencing the "lag" on each wavelength of the LFO or just at the start of each time a note or chord is changed (like if you sequenced a four-measure loop, with the notes of the sound modulated by the LFO changing only at the start of each measure, do you just hear the lag at the start of each of the four measures or is each of the sixteenth oscillations lagging)?

Reduce your patch to one tone and let that tone by modulated by its LFOs (with rates set at 24 or 48). Do you still hear the lag?

Try setting all envelope attack times for TVA and TVF to zero. Lower the depth settings for the LFOs as much as possible without taking away from the sound you want to achieve.

I think that is all of the ideas I have.